Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya gudumu lapadziko lonse lapansi

Gudumu la Universal ndi gudumu lodziwika bwino kwambiri pa moyo, monga ma trolleys a supermarket, katundu, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma casters otere. Monga gudumu lapadera, limatha kupanga chinthu chomwe chili mu ndege yozungulira momasuka, ndipo silingathe kuchepetsedwa ndi njira ina ya axial ndikusuntha molunjika. Lili ndi thupi looneka ngati disk ndipo limazunguliridwa ndi mawilo ang'onoang'ono angapo, omwe onse amatha kuzungulira okha. Thupi lalikulu likamazungulira, mawilo ang'onoang'ono amazungulira limodzi nalo, zomwe zimathandiza gudumu lonselo kuchita mayendedwe osiyanasiyana monga kutsetsereka kwa mbali, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kutsetsereka ndi kuzungulira.

Mfundo ya kagwiridwe kake imachokera ku kapangidwe kake ka sipika. M'malo momangiriridwa mwachindunji ku axle ya gudumu, masipika a gudumu lapadziko lonse amayikidwa pa bulaketi yapadera yooneka ngati mphete yomwe imalola masipika kuzungulira momasuka mu ndege yathyathyathya. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola gimbal kuzungulira momasuka mbali zosiyanasiyana popanda kukana kapena kuletsa.
Chinthu chikakhala ndi mawilo oposa limodzi, chimakhala chomasuka kuzungulira ndi kuyenda mopanda phokoso. Wilo limodzi likazungulira, limasintha momwe chinthucho chilili komanso komwe chili, pomwe mawilo ena amatha kukhala osasuntha kapena kuyenda pa liwiro loyenera komanso komwe chili. Kapangidwe kamtunduwu ndi kabwino kwambiri pazida zomwe zimafunika kuyenda ndi kuzungulira m'malo ang'onoang'ono, monga maloboti, katundu ndi zida zachipatala.

Ubwino wa gudumu lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi wakuti limalola galimotoyo kuyenda mosinthasintha kwambiri, makamaka yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opapatiza kapena m'malo omwe amafunika kusintha njira pafupipafupi. Zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo maloboti, magalimoto oyendera ndi magalimoto oyendera, ndi magalimoto oyendetsera.