Ko ngā wira hurihuri whānui he mea e kiia ana ko ngā wira neke, he mea hanga kia taea ai te huri whakapae 360-tohu. He kupu whānui te wira hurihuri, tae atu ki ngā wira neke me ngā wira pumau. Kāore he hanganga hurihuri o ngā wira pumau, ā, kāore e taea te huri whakapae engari he poutū noa iho. Ko ēnei momo wira e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana me te, hei tauira, ko te hanganga o te kāreti ko te mua o ngā wira pumau e rua, ko te tuara o te ringaringa e tata ana ki te whakatairanga o te wira hurihuri e rua.
Ka taea te whai i te hītori o te whanaketanga o te wira ao whānui ki te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, ā, he whānuitia ana whakamahinga i roto i te aunoatanga ahumahi, te karetao me te kawe waka. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te hītori whanaketanga o te wira ao whānui me te ahunga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei.
Ko te hoahoa tuatahi o te wira whānui ka taea te whai i te tau 1903, i whakaarohia tuatahitia e te miihini Huitene a Elke Ericson (Ernst Benjamin Ericson). Heoi, nā te iti o te hangarau i taua wā, kāore i te tino pumau, kāore hoki i te tino tika te hanga o te wira whānui. Tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1950, i whakaarohia e te miihini Itari a Omar Maizello tētahi hoahoa wira whānui hou, ko "Omar universal wheel" te ingoa, he pumau ake, he tika ake hoki tōna hoahoa, nō reira ka tīmata te whakamahi whānui i te wira whānui i roto i te aunoatanga ahumahi.
I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau, kei te whakapai tonu te hoahoa o te wira whānui. I tēnei wā, e toru ngā momo matua o te wira whānui kei te mākete: te momo pōro, te momo pou me te momo kōpae. He maha ngā porowhita iti o te wira whānui momo pōro, ka taea te neke maeneene. He maha ngā wira rapa o te wira whānui momo pou, ka taea te neke i ngā taha maha, ā, he pai mō ngā mea taumaha. Ko ngā wira momo kōpae, i tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā pereti piko e āhei ai te kawe i ngā kawenga teitei me ngā tere teitei.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā gimbal i roto i te aunoatanga ahumahi o ēnei rā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā karetao, i ngā whare putunga aunoa me ngā pūnaha kawe waka. Hei tāpiri, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki i roto i te ao kawe waka, hei tauira, i runga i ngā kaipuke me ngā waka rererangi, hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te nekeneke me te whakahaere.
He maha ngā auahatanga hangarau me ngā whakapainga kua pā ki te whanaketanga o ngā gimbal. Nā te whanaketanga o te mātauranga horihori, te ako mīhini me te hangarau pūoko, ka nui ake te mohio me te urutau o ngā gimbal. Hei tauira, ka taea e te gimbal te whakarite aunoa i tana nekehanga kia rite ki ngā taiao me ngā whenua rerekē mā roto i ngā rauropi ako mīhini hei whakapai ake i te nekeneke me te whai huatanga. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e ngā gimbal o muri ake nei te whakamahi i ngā rauemi me ngā puna pūngao e pai ake ana ki te taiao hei whakatutuki i te whai huatanga me te pumau o te pūngao.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 27-2023